Research
Meyer, Brandt, & Bluth, 1980). They found that good readers were able to take advantage of signals within the text to select important ideas and generate a gist. This gist helped them recollect more important information after reading.
Sequence/Chronology Compare and contrast Cause and effect Problem and solution Description
اﻟﺗﺳﻠﺳل اﻟزﻣﻧﻲ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ و ﺗﺑﺎﯾن اﻟﺳﺑب واﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ اﻟﻣﺷﻛﻠﺔ واﻟﺣﻼ اﻟوﺻف
Comparison: and were compared on , , and
Cause and Effect: The cause is and the effect is
Problem and Solution: The problem is and the solution is
Sequence: First, , Second , Third
Description: The topic has the , , features.
1- Compare and Contrast Text Structure
compare and Contrast Text Structure
Compare and Contrast ﻓﻘرة ﻧﻣوذج
Do you like dogs or cats? I like both, but they are different in some ways Both dogs and cats are animals. They have fur, they eat food, and they can make sounds. They can also be good friends to people.. Dogs are usually bigger than cats. They have four legs, and they can bark. Cats have four legs, and they can meow. Dogs like to go for walks, and cats like to climb trees. I like both dogs and cats, but I think I like dogs
Compare and Contrast ﻓﻘرة ﻧﻣوذج
Do you like dogs or cats? I like both, but they are different in some ways اﻟﻣﻘدﻣﺔ
Both dogs and cats are animals. They have fur, they eat food, and they can make sounds. They can also be good friends to people.. اﻟﺗﺷﺎﺑﮫ
Dogs are usually bigger than cats. They have four legs, and they can bark. Cats have four legs, and they can meow. Dogs like to go for walks, and cats like to climb trees. اﻻﺧﺗﻼف
I like both dogs and cats, but I think I like dogs a little bit better. They are more playful, and they like to cuddle. اﻟﺧﺗﺗﻣﺔ
ﻧﻣوذج ﻓﻘرة contrast and compare ﻣن اﻣﺗﺣﺎن اﻣﺳﺎت ﺣﻘﯾﻘﻲ
Although there is a great deal of variation within each gender, on the average, men and women discuss a surprisingly different range of topics. According to some studies, women and men ranging in age from seventeen to eighty described the range of topics each discussed with friends of the same sex. Certain topics were common to both men and women; work, movies, and television proved to be frequent topics for both groups. The differences between men and women were more striking than the similarities. Female friends spent much more time discussing personal and domestic subjects, relationship problems, family, health and reproductive matters, weight, food and clothing. Men, on the other hand, were more likely to discuss music, current events, sports and business. Women were more likely to gossip about close friends and family. By contrast, men spent more time gossiping about sports figures and media personalities. These differences can lead to frustration when men and women try to converse with one another.
اﻟﺳﺑب واﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ Effect and Cause
If you don’t get enough sleep, you might not be able to concentrate in school or at work. ( Cause #1)
You might also be more likely to get sick. ( cause # 2)
You might not be able to learn as well or do your job as effectively. ( effect #1)
You might also be more likely to get sick because your body’s immune system won’t be as strong. ( effect #2)
When you don’t get enough sleep, your body doesn’t have a chance to rest and repair itself. This can lead to problems with concentration, memory, and learning. It can also make you more susceptible to illness. ( explanation)
Get enough sleep every night. Most adults need around 7-8 hours of sleep per night. ( prevention)
If you’re not getting enough sleep, you can try to improve your sleep habits. This includes going to bed and waking up at the same time each day, creating a relaxing bedtime routine, and avoiding caffeine and alcohol before bed.( Treatrment)
اﻟﺳﺑب واﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ Effect and Cause
If you don’t get enough sleep, you might not be able to concentrate in school or at work. You might also be more likely to get sick. You might not be able to learn as well or do your job as effectively. You might also be more likely to get sick because your body’s immune system won’t be as strong. When you don’t get enough sleep, your body doesn’t have a chance to rest and repair itself. This can lead to problems with concentration, memory, and learning. It can also make you more susceptible to illness. ( explanation)Get enough sleep every night. Most adults need around 7-8 hours of sleep per night. ( prevention)If you’re not getting enough sleep, you can try to improve your sleep habits. This includes going to bed and waking up at the same time each day, creating a relaxing bedtime routine, and avoiding caffeine and alcohol before bed.( Treatrment)
اﻟﺳﺑب واﻟﻧﺗﯾﺟﺔ Effect and Causeﻧﻣوذج ﺣﻘﯾﻘﻲ ﻣن اﻻﻣﺳﺎت
Modern scientific and technological developments in the practice of medicine and public health have drawn nursing into new and wider fields of activity, and its functions have been expanded accordingly. Therefore, nursing is no longer limited mainly to activities within the hospital, or to what is called curative nursing. It has become also a community service in which preventive and rehabilitative functions are a vital part of its program. The modern concept of nursing considers the hospital, however central, as only one of many health agencies in the community
Effect 1: Nurses are now involved in preventive and rehabilitative care, as well as curative care.
Effect 2: Nurses are also working in a wider variety of settings, including hospitals, clinics, schools, and community health centers.
Sequence : chronological order
Problem Solution Structure
Problem :Smallpox is a very contagious disease that can make you very sick. It can cause a rash, fever, and other symptoms.
Solution:You can get vaccinated against smallpox. This will help protect you from getting the disease.
Explanation: Smallpox is caused by a virus. The virus can spread through the air, or by touching the rash of someone who is sick. If you are not vaccinated, you can get smallpox if you come into contact with someone who is sick.
Benefits: If you are vaccinated against smallpox, you will be much less likely to get the disease. Even if you do get smallpox, your symptoms will probably be milder.
Conclusion: Getting vaccinated against smallpox is the best way to protect yourself from this serious disease.
An example of a descriptive paragraph.
My dog is very cute. He has big, floppy ears. They are so big, he can hear me even when I’m in the other room. His fur is soft and brown. It feels so nice when I pet him. He has a long tail that he wags a lot. When he is happy, his tail wags so hard that it knocks over his toys. He loves to play fetch and go for walks. He is the best friend a kid could ask for.
● Look for signal words. Signal words are words or phrases that indicate the text structure. For example, signal words for sequence include “first,” “second,” “third,” “next,”
and “finally.” Signal words for description include “what,” “where,” “when,” “how,” and “why.”
● Pay attention to the order of the information. In a sequence structure, the information will be presented in chronological order. In a description structure, the information will be presented in a way that describes the person, place, or thing.
● Identify the main ideas and supporting details. The main ideas are the most important points in the text. The supporting details are the evidence that supports the main ideas.
● Draw connections between ideas. Look for how different ideas are related to each other. This will help you understand the text more fully.
